Genetic material has the ability to exist in mobile segments, which allows bacteria to exchange portions of DNA through a process called horizontal gene transfer. This type of corrosion may even result in environmental damages from pipeline leaks. Biofilm-associated corrosion of these materials accounts for 20 percent of total corrosion damages, costing billions of U.S. They also form on industrial materials, like oil and gas pipelines. Some biofilms are harmful and may grow on medical equipment and cause infection. The secretory capabilities and properties of the bacterial cell membrane, including cell surface structures, such as proteins and flagella, contribute to bacteria’s ability to form biofilms. Due to the dynamic capabilities of their limited cell parts, bacteria are also able to form biofilms, a layer of many microbes held together by a film of secreted molecules that protect the bacteria. Conversely, they are also capable of promoting human health for example, bacteria living in complex communities in the human gut aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, among other things. Yet bacteria are capable of causing human illnesses from mild food poisoning to deadly tuberculosis. Bacteria, for example, consist primarily of these most basic parts of a cell, and sometimes also a cell wall. Some organisms consist of a single cell with only the most basic components: genetic material ( DNA), ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. From single-celled organisms to humans, complex function is possible because of cells and the versatile functions of their parts. They are responsible for generating the energy that sustains life, eliminating waste, and replicating to replace damaged tissues. As is often repeated, cells are the basic building blocks of all life.
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